The ancient Egyptians were associated with the Nile River more than 7000 years ago, and the river has been sacred to the Egyptians throughout the ages, so they irrigate their crops. From its waters, they eat the finest fish, and the boats pass by carrying their goods. From the water of the river, they washed and drank. The Nile was the source of life for Egypt through its long history.
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The Egyptian was a farmer after he settled next to the Nile and knew the dates of the flood and studied astronomy to know the movement of the flood and control over it. The solar calendar invented the first calendar on the face of the earth, which uses the Egyptian farmer until today and the most famous months are tuba, amirs, bermat, and cold Agouza … Etc. Or Herodotus described the Egyptian peasant, saying.
⏪ Around the year 450 BC, a description prevails in the spirit of optimism. He says: “They reap the fruits of the earth with less effort than other people do because they do not have to break the grooves of the earth with the plough, or to snap it, or do something like that which other people have to do.” With him so that they can reap behind him a harvest of love, because if the river overflowed from himself and watered their fields, then his shelter receded from it after watering it, every man planted his land and called it his pigs; if these pigs buried the love on the ground with their feet, wait until the time of the harvest, then … gather the crop. “
The Egyptians were able to develop their agricultural practices on the banks of the Nile, where they created many new projects in irrigation, including digging canals, canals, and dams to transfer the Nile water and distribute it for irrigation and drinking. The levels of water in the river, on which they measured the flood level to determine the value of taxes imposed on farmers, rise in August and September, leaving the flood plains and the delta submerged with 1.5 meters of water at the height of the flood. This annual river flood is known as the flood season. As floodwaters recede during the October appearing season, farmers find fertile soil and freshwater irrigated land to grow their crops. The soil left behind by the flood is known as silt, coming from the Ethiopian highlands to combine the rich organic elements with the flow of the Nile. Agriculture began in October as soon as the flood ended, and crops were left to grow normally and with minimal care until they ripened between March and May before the harvest. While the flood in the Nile River was more predictable and calm than other rivers, such as the Tigris and Euphrates, it was not always ideal. The high flood waters were devastating and could even destroy the canals built by farmers for irrigation. On the other hand, the interruption of the flooding in its season was creating a more serious problem than the destruction of the canals. Leaving the Egyptians suffering from starvation.
Ancient Egyptian irrigation methods
The ancient Egyptians dug canals to direct water to places far from the banks of the Nile, and they used shadows to raise water from the Nile or the canal to the higher fields. A shadowy hole is a long pivot that rests on a raised pivot and is used to lower and raise a bucket filled with water; From the river or canal. This was depicted in scenes from the Ibi Cemetery in Deir el-Medina. The water was also transported in a tractor carrying a yoke that rested on the shoulders; This was also depicted in scenes from everyday life. The ancient Egyptians dug along a g irrigation canal, known as the Sea of ​​Joseph, to bring water for irrigation from the Nile River to the Fayyum depression.
The ancient Egyptian used Shadouf in agriculture, a machine used to transport water to areas far from the flood. Through him, the ancient Egyptian managed to grow more than one crop per year, and here the ancient Egyptian genius emerged.
One of the most important crops that were in ancient Egypt
Fruits, figs, grapes, buckthorn, sycamore, dates
Oily crops, such as sesame, castor beans, and olive cultivation, began in the eighteenth family, but it was always rare. Also, there were flower gardens in Egypt extending from the Egyptian Zouk, who loved bouquets and wreaths. There are colourful pictures of these bouquets and wreaths drawn on the floors of palaces, and from Those flowers are lotus, chrysanthemum and blue-grain flowers, and the plant known as flesh they considered its fruits a symbol of love.
There are also wild plants that grow on the banks of the Nile and in the desert from herbs of celery and rhizomes, which are used either in cooking food or in perfumes, papyrus, ornamental plants such as ivy and iris, dyeing plants, and medicinal plants such as turpentine.
Besides agriculture, birds and animals, the farmer benefited from the animals in the field and transportation works and her skins, meat, wool, and hair. Interested in raising birds
(Ducks – pigeons – geese) .
Interested in raising honey bees.
And the Egyptian bees (Apis mellifera lamarhi)
It is considered one of the oldest types of bees domestication, and papyri and inscriptions in Egyptian temples have proven this. It has been used in many ancient pharaonic recipes. The pharaohs were raising it in clay cells; as for its physical characteristics, it is small in size with yellow colour with white fluff Shiny silver on the body. The ancient Egyptian believed in the existence of a greater god. Agriculture was important to her, and she had that great god. They cared for agriculture affairs, including Osiris, the god of agriculture, greenery and resurrection associated with the flood of the Nile, and his wife Isis, a symbol of loyalty to her husband and the symbol of Egyptian agriculture, magic and beauty. The goddess “skipped” the goddess of fields, and her name is drawn on her head. She holds an offering table with eggs, birds, lotus flowers, and lotus flowers and fish underneath it. She is presented to the goddess Isis and the grain god, and he also has drawings and sees him crowned with wheat ears and holds two bundles of wheat in his hands. And the god of the Nile’s flood is “happy”, and we see him carrying the table of offerings that contain the goods of the field and the Nile, as we see reliefs and drawings for him as he unites the two countries, Upper and Delta.
That was the life of the ancient Egyptians. They loved life and devoted themselves to enjoy it. They sanctified the other life and worked for it. The ancient Egyptian was tolerant, magnanimous, and a fighter if someone assaulted him or land, and he was never an aggressor.