Nuba names and location
Dr Mustafa Muhammad Massad says: I knew this area all, i.e. the upper, middle and lower Nubia, which extends from the first waterfall in the north to the south of the confluence of the White and Blue Niles in the name of Nubia in the Middle Ages, but what is the source of this name? We do not have any documents indicating the appearance of the word Nuba before the Ptolemaic period in Egypt and the first to refer to it by the Greek geographer Aristotle; then it was taken from him by Strabon. It seems from what Strabon mentioned about this region and its inhabitants that it took its name from one of the peoples who lived on the western bank of the Nile Valley, namely the Nubians. Then this people later became a master over it, and its name remained a flag over this entire region throughout the Middle Ages. However, Strabo stated that the Nubians were an independent people from the Ethiopians, while Pliny mentioned them as a people from the group of Ethiopian peoples living in the Nile Valley, Islam and Nubia in the Middle Ages. Introduction to the geography of Nubia and its names p. 21
The names of Nubia in ancient times, the time of the pharaohs BC, and before the appearance of the name Nuba
The upper Nuba was called: “Ta-Nahsiu”, “Ta”, meaning earth, and “Nahsiu”, meaning blacks.
The northern part of Nubia (lower Nubia) was called “Ta-Siti”, meaning the land of arches.
As for the word “Ta-Kenzo,” which was mentioned by a foreign researcher (Beckett) in an article published in the Journal of the Scientific Council, the word “treasure” or “TA KENZ” was used in the ancient era to refer to an island on the Nile at the first waterfall, and that the meaning of this word is in the Arabic language. Ancient Egyptian “Land of the Arches”. History of the Islamic State of Treasures, p. 56, Dr Attia al-Qusi
But the truth is that this word meant a land in the other world and was not applied to the Nuba region.
And the Greeks called the inhabitants of the south in the kingdoms of Kush, Meroe, and the plant “Ethiopians,” meaning the country of the blacks, and the word Ethiopia, as it came in the history of Herodotus: (the land of the blacks or burnt faces), then the term Ethiopia was confined to the country of the Abyssinia plateau only after that.
In the era of the Romans, the first area was known as “Dodekaschoinos,” from the first waterfall to near the village of the Muharraq before the displacement, and the other was known as “Hierosykaminos,” which is from the Holocaust to Akasha, south of the second waterfall, as “Triakotaschoinos.”
Berber tribes inhabited the Western Desert south of the oases, and they are ethnically different from the ethnicity of the Kingdom of Nobatia, which was founded by King Silko in the year 540 AD, and the Kingdom of Nobatia or Nouba, which is the lower Nubia and was called the Maris at a later date, then to the south of it the Kingdom of Al-Maqra and called it the Middle Nubia and then its south The Kingdom of Al-Ala and the Upper Nuba called it “Nuba”.
Al-Sharif Al-Idrisi said: From the city of Tajwa to the city of Nawaba, there are eighteen stages, and to it the Nuba is attributed, and by it they were known.
That is, the name Nubia is attributed to this small city, which is four days away from the Nile Valley, which is to the south of Tajoa in Dar Fur or Kordofan, which Al-Sharif Al-Idrisi mentioned at that time in the middle of the sixth century AH. Al-Idrisi Nuzha Al-Mushtaq fi Penetrating the Horizons Volume 1, p. 30, Al-Idrisi (493-560 AH = 1100-1165 AD)
And it will become clear that the entire southern region was called in the books of historians Ethiopia, that is, the country of the blacks, where most of the historians were Greek, then the Arab historians came after the state of Nubia or Nobatia was established by King Seleku in the year 540 AD, so it was mentioned in their books as Nuba
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An Aristotelian Greek geographer: Librarian of Alexandria (276 -196 B.C.) I did not find the original source in which an Aristotelian spoke of Nubia
Strabon: Greek historian, geographer and philosopher who lived between 63 BC – 21 AD. As for Pliny, he is a Roman historian who lived in the first century AD
Kenzi tribes:
“The Matukians” means oriental, a reference to the Arabian Peninsula, and they speak the Dongola dialect, which is the dialect of the Nubians, Selo (relative to Seleha or Seleku “Selha-ko” and “Ko” meaning king, so that King Selah is “the king of Nobatia, the first king to establish a Nubian kingdom south of Aswan to the third waterfall.” And it came by intermarriage between the Arabs with the Nubian kings of Silo.
Matukin villages: West Aswan – Gezira village – Karur – Aswan Island – West Sohail – Sohail Island – Philae and Hesa ​​Islands – Tenjar – Shallal – Dahmit – Ambarkab – Kalabsha – Daboud – Maraw – Maria – Garf Hussein – Qarsha – Kashtamaneh East – Kashtamaneh West – Dekka – Abu Hor – Al-Alaqi – – Qurta – Al-Madiq – Daboud … and others.
Treasures is divided into two ethnic groups: (The ratio of Sheikh Al-Sadiq Issa mentioned by Mac Michael: History of the Arabs in the Sudan, p 99-100.) With an adjustment in the number of Najm al-Din’s children and Sharaf al-Din’s grandchildren).
The reason that Sheikh Al-Sadiq Issa did not mention all the genealogies of Mac Michael the English Minister of Interior of Sudan is because Michael carried out ethnic separation and displacement of the Arab tribes from the African to perpetuate cultural separation and then carry out Christian missionaries in the south and remind them of the slave trade that they were doing against Africans to fuel the heated tendency against Arabs and Arabism They made southern Sudan a closed area with the text of a law called the “Closed Areas Law” established for this purpose, prohibiting entry to northern Sudanese and Egyptians except on official missions or with special permits, while ensuring complete freedom for Europeans to enter and roam in the south, and prohibiting southerners from imitating northerners in dress or lifestyle . This law is one of the most important means of separating and not mixing freely between northerners and southerners during the condominium rule. These measures and policies were a prelude to the separation that took place in 2011 AD, in line with the English method and approach “slowly but surely slowly but surely, meaning a long-term policy to reach the goal after dozens of years.”
It includes two main tribes:
The first: The Awlad al-Sayyid Wanas bin Rahma Ibn al-Hassan al-Abbasi tribe, and it was Prince Muhammad Wanas The first: The Awlad Al-Sayyid Wanis bin Rahma Ibn Al-Hassan Al-Abbasi tribe. Prince Muhammad Wanis had six children, and he died and was buried in Aswan, and his six children are:
1- Idris the Great: He is the grandfather of King Tunbul, the ruler of the island of Argo Or Ko in Dongola, whose family was known as the Kings of Dongola and the word Arko means in the Nubian language the land of the kings (R-Ku).
2- Hamdallah: His followers were few, and they lived near Kalabsha. They are known as Al-Wanasab and Al-Hamdlab, and some of them are in West Aswan.
3- Arkha: and they call his family members the Al-Arkhayab tribe, and some of them live in the Gezira region in Sudan, and some of them are in West Aswan and Al-Jazira village in Aswan.
4- Adham: His grandchildren are located in the town of Al-Khatara, near Aswan and the island of Aswan. They have a branch in Sudan, and they have another branch called Al-Billab and Al-Muslamab.
5- Adlan: His descendants are found in Aswan and in Sudan among the Shayqih tribes, and they are known as Adlanab.
6- Khairallah: They are the Khairlab, and they live in the Aswan region, and some of them are in Sudan.
The second tribe: the tribe of the chiefs of honor and they are called the sons of Tamim al-Dari al-Ansari, and they are:
First: – The sons of Prince Sharaf al-Din and it is said that he is buried in Kisangar in Sudan, and his descendants are Babu Hur, al-Madiq, Maria and Maraw, and most of them are in Sudan.
And his offspring from one son, “Mubarak” – where Sharaf al-Din had a number of children, only the grandchildren of his son Mubarak – whose tribes are from his grandsons: – Ibrahim Al-Qudthyn, Musa Bejo, Nasrallah, and Qadis, who are in the villages of Abu Hur, Maraw, Maria and Bal Sudan (Mak mentioned). Michael has only two sons for Sharaf al-Din, Abraham and Moses).
1- Ibrahim Al-Qudthyn: founder of the Al-Qudhnab tribe, and they live in Abu Hur and some areas of Sudan.
2- Musa Bejo (Bjo, meaning the broad): He is the founder of the Bejoab tribe, and they inhabit Abu Horo in some areas of Sudan.
3- Nasrallah: They live in Abu Hur and Al-Madiq.
4- A saint: in Maria, Marao and the city of Daraw.
Second: The sons of Prince Najm al-Din bin Radwan Tamim al-Dar (died and was buried in Cairo (at the end of Najm al-Din Street behind the Army Square in Abbasiya) and he has children (Mac Michael mentioned only two sons to Najm al-Din, Mubarak and God’s help) they are:
1- Nasr al-Din (Mac Michael mentioned that Nasr al-Din is Najm al-Din’s brother): – and his sons Nasrallah – belongs to the Nasrlab tribe, which lives with the Shayqih tribes that ruled Dongola in the period of the ninth century AH – Amer, Imran and Muslim.
And King Nasr al-Din transformed Nubia from an emirate after his father to an independent kingdom after his father’s mandate and became the king of Nubia and addressed Sultan Barquq with letters in this regard, and Sultan Barquq approved of this () then his cousins ​​Sharaf al-Din turned against him again and came to Cairo in the year 800 AH and asked the Sultan to return him To his king and lived for years in Giza and had evidence there (Nasr El-Din area in Giza is attributed to him at the beginning of Al-Haram Street) and owned land in the Giza districts, he and his sons Nasrallah and Muslim (Zawiya Muslim is attributed to him), Amer (Amer city is attributed to him) and Imran (Urbanism is attributed to him) and he sought the help of Sultan Barquq In returning his kingdom to him, Faraj Ibn Barquq sent with his son Nasrallah a campaign to return him to his kingdom in Dongola, and his grandchildren in the village of Al-Alaqi, Badrao, Giza, Sudan and western Sudan.
Most of the original and ancient families in Giza belong to the star that is attributed to Prince Najm al-Din, such as the Khattab and al-Jabri families and others and are mentioned in the Encyclopedia of Muhammad Suleiman al-Tayeb, c. p. 465
2- Mubarak: and his sons, Adel, Amer and Saad, and they are called Al-Ambarkab.
3- Awn Allah: and his sons Hussein, Dargham (Shallouf), Raheb (one of the names of the Assad) and Abdullah. They are called Al-Awnlab in Qarsha, Jarf Hussein and Kashtmaneh (Quz Timna), some of Maria and Bahariv Island in Aswan, Edfu, Raghamah and Al-Mahdian in Al-Ashraf’s Algeria, Dongola, Sudan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• Dr. Muhammad Riyad and Dakwthar Abd al-Rasoul mentioned in a trip in the time of the Nuba pg. 63 attributed to one of Abdullah’s grandchildren, the mayor of Qarsha, Mr. Muhammad Hassan Khalil Ibrahim Muhammad Bakhit Bashir Hussein Darwish Abu Bakr Dhafer Abul-Nur Makin Abdullah Aoun.) and she was satisfied with that and indicated to the rest of the ratio that it Arab names and said that perhaps the people of the village and the owner of the lineage belonged to the Arabs during the period of the Nubians’ interaction with the Arabs because they, like other Arab and foreign historians, were skeptical about the lineage of the current Nubians to the Arabs despite all the historical evidence, based on the dialect or color.
• Clarification: Al-Aqwaz or Al-Quoz in the sense of sandy and gravelly land: The word Quoz in Sudan is applied to every village built on a sandy and gravelly plain) Appendix to Burckhardt’s Travels book in Nubia and Sudan p. Rajab on p. 351. Al-Quoz is an Arabic word as in the dictionary of Taj Al-Arous (Al-Quz: rounded out of the sand resembles the buttocks of women, he said: Her buttock is like a gouze between, and Al-Jawhari said: Al-Quz: the small dune, and Al-Azhari said: I heard from the Arabs in Al-Qatheb ) C 15 p. 291
4- Abdullah: and his grandchildren in the village of Thomas and Afia, who are Al-Gharbyab and his nickname (Al-Tanuki), and the villages of Al-Ahmadiya, Al-Fatirah, Al-Adwa, Iqlet, Karam Al-Deeb, Banban, Aswan and Sudan.
5- Hussein: and his sons Al-Assad, Fayyad, and Skrulemon, and most of them are in the village of Daboud.
6- Ghali: and his children are only Harbi, and they are called Harby (Basoun Island) and in Sudan.
7- Shad El-Din: and his grandchildren in the village of Al-Siyala and the villages of Awlad Najm in Nagaa Hammadi.
8- Malik: One son, Saleh, and his grandchildren in the village of Qurta.
The second group of Al-Kunuz tribes, which includes 27 tribes, includes the Al-Kunuz tribes that inhabit Upper Egypt and Sudan and are as follows:
1- Al-Wanasab, 2- Al-Madurab, 3- Al-Huzailat, 4- Al-Aunlab, 5- Al-Ambarkab, 6- Abu Haur, 7- Al-Jaraisab, 8- Al-Dabud, 9- Khairlab, 10- Ad-Dahhab, 11- Al-Jadisab 12- Al-Nasirlab, 13- Al-Baghdadlab 14 – rural, 15 – salmab, 16 – hawatin, 17 – farmers, 18 – zanab, 19 – tunab, 20 – bjuwab 21 – Hausa, 22 – al-Taybab, 23 – Jazeera, 24 – al-Hijab, 25 – al-Gharbia, 26 Al-Ballab, 27- Al-Nakdab.
Other tribes in treasures:
Al-Baghddaliyah: T

The Hadariba: a group of tribes that kept this name, and its origin is Hadhrama, and they lived in the port of Suakin and the Red Sea. They had a valley in northern Sudan and southern Halayeb (the original name was “Hadareb”). They settled in Nuba villages and served as trading stations and were the link between Nubia and Sudan and Yemen’s trade from the port of “Shahr” On the Gulf of Aden, then to the port of Suakin, then to the city of Berber, then the direction of trade to the north and south. Hadariba merchants spread in many villages of Nuba, Aswan, Daraw, Esna and Qus, and they are rich in their trade over centuries.
And some of the children of Hammam al-Hawari (Ja’afarah, the children of Hammam), who fled to Nubia in the village of Qarsha, Nagaa Birhamam, south of Old Qarsha, and they have a presence among the Fellata tribes in western Sudan and some of the Hawara in the village of Kashtamna.
Al-Tanjar or Al-Tanjour: They are the remnants of the original Al-Kunuz tribes from Rabi’a, Bani Hilal, Zaghba and others. They had hamlets in some villages of Al-Kunuz and Al-Fadija before the displacement. The village of Tanjour was located south of Wadi Halfa.
And Abu Grendel: from the Al-Alaqat tribes, and they have branches and cousins ​​in Sinai, and some of their families are in treasure villages such as Qarsha, and some of them are in Arab villages.
The people of the waterfall: Burckhardt mentions: “And the people around the waterfall are an independent breed” (Burckhardt’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. 57. 1814 AD). Some of them are Hawsawis ​​or the Hassabis. They were mentioned by Mac Michael (History of the Arabs in the Sudan, P. 100) on the authority of Al-Sadiq Issa, and they are tribes in Nigeria, and some of them are from the Baggara Arabs, and their origin is a branch of the tribes of Arab Juhayna and others in Kordofan and western Sudan, the Tunjar or the Tunjur, which are the tribes The original Kenzieh, which preceded the children of Najm al-Din, Sharaf al-Din and Muhammad Wanas, and some of their families leaked from Sudan to the waterfall areas, considering that the waterfall port met the south of the Nile Valley in Upper Egypt and Egypt in the north, after the departure of their ancestors in previous historical periods

Al-Huwaitat or Al-Hawateen: They had hamlets in the villages of treasures and the origin of the tribe was that it lived next to the Bali tribe in the north of the Arabian Peninsula after her noble grandfather Jammaz left the Emirate of Medina in the ninth century AH and fled to Egypt after he fought him and was defeated by Ali bin Attia of the same tribe
And the lineage of the jumpers belongs to the Husaynite nobles. They have an extension near Qena, Sharkia Governorate, Darb Al-Gamamis in Cairo, and Al-Zumar family in Giza.
Second: Arab-speaking tribes:
1- Al-Ja’afra Al-Hamdabiyah tribes, the children of Salah bin Sharaun bin Muhammad bin Hamad bin Muhammad Abu Al-Ja’afrah, and they are in the villages of Al-Maliki.
2- The Al-Alaikat tribes: the villages of Al-Maliki are also attributed to Aqil bin Abi Talib and are called Al-Alayqat. The Al-Alaqat goes back to Muhammad bin Aqeel bin Abi Talib Al-Hashemi and from the aftermath of the Al-Alaqat from Muhammad Aqil in the Hijaz, Iraq, the Levant, Egypt, Persia, India and the Afghans. Aqil has three sons (Al-Qasim, Abdul-Rahman and Abdullah). The descendants of Al-Qasim and Abdul-Rahman have become extinct, and the descendants of Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Aqeel remain, who has two branches from Abdullah Muslim bin Abdullah and Muhammad bin Abdullah, and they are among the most famous tribes in South Sinai and live in Abu Jafra, Wadi Grendel, Wadi Abu Znaima, Abu Rudeis and Wadi Ferran. .
Among the Al-Alayqat tribes in Qalyubia and Nuba in Aswan are Awlad Salmi, Al-Talilat, Al-Hamayda and Al-Khurisab.
3- Al-Ababda tribes (Encyclopedia of Arab Tribes.. Historical field research, volume 1, part 1, p. 58. Muhammad Suleiman Al-Tayeb): It is attributed to the third servants, whose lineage ends with Abdullah Ibn Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam, may God be pleased with him, who are in the villages of Al-Siyala, Al-Maharqa and Al-Allaqi.
4 – Al-Basharia tribes: They are often attributed to Ishaq bin Bishr, the uncle of the first treasure of the state, Abu Al-Makarim Hebat Allah bin Sheikh Abi Abdullah Muhammad bin Ali from the Rabi’a tribes.
Al-Maqrizi says (The Beja used to launch raids on the eastern villages all the time until they destroyed them, so Rabia prevented them from doing so until they stopped them, then they married them and took possession of the gold mine in Al-Alaqi, so their money increased and expanded in their conditions and they became companions in the country of Beja and they crossed a village known as Al-Namas and dug wells with it And they were headed by Ishaq Ibn Bishr) (Al-Bayan and Expressing What Belongs to the Land of Egypt from the Bedouins, p. 27 Al-Maqrizi).
Third: Tribes who speak the Mahasian dialect or, more correctly, the Makari Nubian dialect:
It is mostly the dialect of the ancient Al-Wawat tribe, which is the origin of the area of ​​Al-Mahas and Al-Sukut. The village of Al-Wawa is located in the province of Al-Sukot. The correct case is that it is the dialect of the Nuba Al-Maqra, whose capital was Dongola. The dialect of Al-Kunuz is the dialect of the Kingdom of Nobatia or Al-Maris. to there .
Fadiga villages (it is the name of the Mahsa-speaking tribes inside Egypt):
Al-Durr – Al-Diwan – Thomas and Afia – Kresko – Abu Handal – Teqala – Abrim – Qatah – Unaiba – Musmus – Toshka East – Toshka West – Armana – Geneina and Shabak – Abu Samil – Ballana – Qustal – Andan.
Al-Fadiga tribes: Some tribes entered the Egyptian lands after the Balana border to escape from the Mahdist revolution and were called Al-Fadiga (meaning that we will perish). This meaning was mentioned by Dr. Muhammad Riyad and Dakwthar Abdul-Rasoul in a journey in the time of the Nuba p. 145 attributed to Ray Al-Ostad Muhammad Awad _ Northern Sudan, its residents and tribes pp. 304-306 and Jamal Hamdan in The Character of Egypt, part 2, p. 343) and it was said in the sense of the fifth basin, but this name is applied to some tribes in southern Sudan as well), then he became aware of the area between Kursco and Ballana, which is multi-ethnic and a large mixture of Arab tribes from Al-Gharbia to the Turkish Scouts, to Bani Al-Jaad and some families belonging to the nobles in Al-Dur and the early Bani Al-Kinz (such as Al-Shayaqiya and Al-Quraysh – their grandfather Sarar bin Hassan Kardam) as an Arabic name like their saying (and if he saw it as Kardam, he would have seen Kardam…) And also in the sense of the brave.Dictionary of Taj Al-Arous p.353) He is famous for Kardam Al-Fawwar, the founder of the Emirate of Kordofan and named after him – the predecessors of the Al-Kunuz tribe, the Matukians, the children of Najm Al-Din, Sharaf Al-Din and Muhammad Wanas) and some tribes from Sudan such as the Scorp and the Fon C and silence.

1- Al-Mahas tribes: Some of the Al-Mahas tribes are called Al-Mahas, and they differed in naming Al-Mahas, as it is said that their grandfather Ansari is a grandson of Abi bin Ka’b called Muhammad, nicknamed Muhsin, according to the narrations of the elders of their tribes. Amer bin Abdul Karim bin Abdullah bin Yaqub bin Jabar bin Saad bin Musa bin Uwais bin Jami bin Salem bin Abdul Rahman bin Ali bin Suleiman bin Muhammad bin Zaid bin Ammar bin Haritha bin Ubadah bin Ka’b, the companion of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, Al-Khazraji Al-Badri (History and Origins) The Arabs in Sudan are the pure stallion Al-Faki, p. 132). They are tribes that were loyal to their rulers from the Western tribe, many of which were Arab tribes Ansar and Quraish in origin.
Burckhardt mentions: “A clan of the Quraish clans captured al-Mahas, and these Arabs continued to occupy Nubia for centuries in which their wars and skirmishes did not stop” (Burkhardt’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. 168).
Burckhardt also says: “Al-Mahas claims that they are from Quraish – the tribe of the Messenger – and its men were nomads and farmers, as is known, and they say that a large group of Quraysh captured the valley when the Bedouins coming from the east invaded Egypt and Nubia” (Burkhart’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. 106) .
There are many Quraish tribes in Al-Mahas, such as the tribes of Al-Gharbia Al-Kenizia of origin, Al-Ja’afira who live in the belly of Al-Hajar, and the Qaraish, Al-Ja’ili and Al-Shayqiah Abbasid tribes in Al-Mahas. Qalawun campaign in the year 678 AH / 1280 AD. They failed to return with the campaign. They settled Nubia after the permission of the Sultan, especially since the area became under the influence of the apparent state with the concession of the King of Nubia to Sultan Baybars and then the evacuation of Simanon to the country during his retreat in front of the Qalawun campaign.
2- Other tribes of the Ansar: Al-Maqrizi mentioned the events of the year 767 AH: the news was presented by the widespread corruption of the children of Al-Kinz, the Akkarma sect in Aswan, and Suakin, and that they prevented merchants, and others from traveling, because they blocked the road and took people’s money. And that the children of Al-Kinz had conquered the Aswan border, the Aizab desert and the wilderness of the Dakhla oases. They married the Nuba kings and the Emirs of Akarma, and their thorns became stronger” (Al-Suluk fi Ma’rifat Ad-Dawla al-Muluk, vol. 2, p. 247).
Al-Maqrizi also mentions that turning the islands of Mikael (Balana or Jazirat Al-Kashaf and Dabrosa) to Al-Dur was the residence of the Akarma supporters.

And he spoke about the existence of a group of Banu Ikrimah in Aswan and Nuba after their marriage and the settlement of some of the Akrama in the villages of Nuba and the Mahs area, and they extend throughout Egypt, in the governorates of Sohag, Qena and Aswan, and they have a presence in the governorates of Assiut, Al-Qusayr and other governorates, and they have Nag Al-Akrami in the center of Qus governorate. Qena and the village of Al-Akarma Bahri in the Qus center also and the village of Al-Jazeera in Qus and the village of Al-Tawirat and the village of Al-Brahma and the village of Al-Kharanqa and they have a heavy presence in the Aswan Governorate and some Nuba villages and they have a presence in the governorates of Ismailia and Suez. Al-Ramadi, Khor Al-Zaq village, and a number of Al-Kenizia and Al-Fadijaweya villages.
The Arabs from the Ansar, Banu Jaad, Banu Ikrimah, some Banu al-Kinz, and the Nubians had a famous incident in history during the time of al-Ashraf Shaban II. A conflict between Banu al-Kinz and Banu al-Ja`d al-Ansar and between the Nubians led to the intervention of the Mamluks and the killing of a large number of Banu al-Kinz and Banu al-Ja`d at the tribute of Michael (Balana Island or Jazira). The Scouts) also had a heavy presence of supporters.
3- Al-Jawabra, who are the grandchildren of Jaber bin Abdullah Al-Ansari, who is buried in Alexandria, and from his descendants who married Jamila, the sister of Najm al-Din before his emirate, and they live with the Shayqih tribes in Sudan, and some think that their lineage is Shayqih Abbasid, and some of them say that they are supporters and have a presence in Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Sudan and Nubia, and they intermarried with the Shayqih And they acquired their qualities in fighting strength and chivalry.
Burckhardt mentions: “The Jawabris reside in Dongola and that they are from the clans of (wealthy and notables of the people) Dongola and that some of them also reside in Durr and Wadi Halfa (Burkhardt’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. 186).
Al-Qalqashandi mentioned that Junayd: Sheikh of al-Jawabra from al-Hakaria (the Kurds) in the doors of the Nuba (Subh al-Asha al-Qalqashandi vol.8 p.3) But is what al-Qalqashandi mentioned they are al-Qalqashandi?
4- The Arabs of Al-Dabai’ah (a branch of Bani Bahra’) who inhabit the northern Nuba region “Northern Sudan” and the Arabs of Al-Dabai’ah belong to the Khazraj, the origin of the Khazraj from Qahtan bin Ya’rob, and these Arabs mixed with the Nuba residents in this region
5- Al-Gharbib, a tribe of Kenzi origin that mixed with Al-Mahas, and they are the children of Ahmed bin Abdullah bin Najm Al-Din, nicknamed Al-Gharbi (Al-Tanuki). It is located in Thomas, Afia and some villages of Al-Fadija. It has an extension in the villages of Kom Ombo, such as Al-Fatirah, Al-Adwa, Karam Al-Deeb, Aklet, Al-Ahmadi and others.
6- Al-Qaraish, who are the children of Quraish, the son of Prince Ribat bin Prince Mismar bin Prince Sarar bin Prince Hassan, famous for Kardam Al-Fawwar. There are many Shayqih families among the Al-Mahas tribes in the Egyptian Nuba, as well as among the Arab tribes in Al-Maliki and in Al-Daka in the Treasures area, and they have a heavy presence in Sudan and Upper Egypt in Daraw Salwa, Banban, Hajer Al Balalis, Al Khawla, Al Hajez in Edfu, Hajer Al Maris in Armant, as their origins are Qaraish, who immigrated there, Ezbet Abed in Abu Chat, Al Owaidiya in Luxor, Abu Karsha in the facility in Sohag, and Dronka in Assiut, among others.
Dhikr Al-Yaqoubi (and the city of Esna on the western side of the Nile, and it is said: Its people are Al-Maris, including the Marisian donkeys) Al-Buldan p. 171 Al-Yaqubi (after 292 AH = after 905 AD). Ibn Salim Al-Aswany says: “Nuba and Al-Maqra are two genders, both of them on the Nile, so the Nuba are the Maris) and this indicates that the people of Asna are from the Nubian people of the Maris, and perhaps they are the Marisian Arabs whom he indicated that they were in the campaign of Qalawun on the Nuba Al-Maqara. There is a village with its name Al-Maris. They say that their lineage is Ababda, and the name Nubian is spread among them

7- Al-Shayqiah, and many of their families are located in the Fadega region and some of the treasure villages. They are cousins ​​with the Qararash. They also have a heavy presence in Upper Egypt, such as Al-Radisiyyah and Al-Ghunaimiyah in Edfu, Al-Hujarat and Al-Hamran in Qena and Al-Ghanayem (Al-Qalqashandi mentioned that the spoils are from the bellies of the Hawara tribe Nihat Al-Arb p. 442 part 1) and Al-Badari in Assiut and others.
8- The Quraish: the children of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, and the children of Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, the sons of Sharif, who are the nobles of Batn Al-Hajar and Al-Mahas in Sudan, and some of them are in the village of Ballana and Aniba, and they entered Nubia with the Qalawun campaign.
9- The Scout clans refer to the Kashef, which is the function of the governor of the region and the tax collector in the Ottoman Empire, and they are protectors of the Ottoman soldiers. When the commander Selim I sent a company of soldiers in 1520 AD to the country of Nubia, they established garrisons in Aswan and Abrim in order to guard the southern gate of Egypt and help the Western In their war against the Danakula and the Jawabris, they spread in the southern region extending from Diwan to Sai to expand the agricultural area in the northern villages and its origins are Albanian, Hungarian, Bosnian, Anatolian, Azerbaijani, Tatar, Turkmen, Kurdish and Circassian.
Each tribe was called by the name of the country from which the ancestor of the tribe came to the country of Nubia, and among them in Unaiba, Waqta, Abrim, Thomas and Afia were members of the (Al-Migrab) tribe. And Thomas, the Kordiab tribe, and Azmarga in relation to Izmir in Turkey, and some of these Scouts still have white skin and blue eyes.
And Burckhardt mentions, “The majority of the inhabitants of al-Dur are Turks, descended from the (Bosnian) soldiers who were sent by Selim to seize the country” (Burkhardt’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. 78).
He also mentions: “The descendants of these Bosnian soldiers who were in-laws with the Arabs of Gharbia and the Jawabaris still occupy the land that was granted to their ancestors in Aswan and Abrim Wasi, and they still enjoy exemption from various taxes and obligations, and they call themselves “Qala’ia or the people of the castles.” As for the Nubians, they call them “Othmanli” and they have long forgotten their national language, but The features of their faces tell of their northern origin” (Burckhardt’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. 169.).
He also said: Thomas is a large village, and most of its inhabitants are from the Western Arab dynasty who occupied Nubia in the past (Burckhardt’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. 84).
He also said: “The people of Abrim do not cease to be at war with the Nubian princes, and they are small in number and are sufficient for their opponents, because they all acquire weapons and they are white when compared to the Nubians, and they still retain the features of their ancestors, the Bosniaks who were sent by Salim the Conqueror to occupy Abrim, and they wear robes of coarse linen, and most of them cover their heads with what It looks like a turban and they say, “We are left, not Nubians” (Burckhardt’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. 30).
Bosniaks: In reference to the Muslim province of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the provinces of the former Yugoslavia and separated after wars with the Serbs
Fourth: The original Nuba tribes:
These tribes are called, and they are the remainder of the original Nubians (Silo, Abusco, and Jerisab). As for the Scots and the Skourab, they are of Sudanese origin, and the present of them are in the villages of treasures and the Nuba and they had some of their own hamlets (Abisco and in the village of Tafiya which was next to the old Ambarkab and in Surra between Abu Simbel and Wadi Halfa Their number does not currently exceed a few thousand, and many of their tribes bear the same names in the Nuba villages, and some of them lived in the north of Aswan and spoke Arabic and had completely forgotten their Nubian origins, the “Silkawis” who are separated families between the villages of Aswan, Kom Ombo and Edfu.
Burckhardt mentions: The floating peasants claim that they are the descendants of the few Christians who lived in the city and who converted to Islam when the Muslim Arabs conquered the country. As for most of their brothers, they fled or were killed, and they are still called “children of the Christians” to this day (Burckhardt’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. ).Conclusion
Nubia is divided into two parts: Wadi Al-Kunuz and Wadi Al-Nuba. The first extends from Aswan to Wadi Al-Seboua. The second includes the areas between Sebaoua and the northern border of Dongola. The inhabitants of the two sections are separated by language, but they are similar in their customs and character, and their narrators say that the current Nubians are from the Bedouins of the Arabian Peninsula who invaded this country after the spread of Islam As for most of the Christian families whose churches I saw spread until silence, they fled from their face or were killed, and a few of them converted to the religion of the invaders, and today you see their descendants in Tafa and Surra north of Wadi Halfa” (Burkhardt’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. 167).
The traveler Burckhardt found many ruins and ruins of ancient villages next to the Nubian villages found during the journey, indicating the migration of their inhabitants to them and from them, pg. 60 ruins of ruins near Tafiya, p. 61 of ruins and ruins at Kalabsha, p. 62 of ruins next to Qarash, and p. 68 of Kharib Next to Qutta, P. 64, the ruins of Kuban near Al-Alaqi, P. 68, Ruins near Korsko, P. 93 and P. 147, Arab ruins north of the Temple of Dekka, all of which are the ruins of ancient villages with an Arab character, ruins of ancient brick dwellings and ancient towers at the belly of the stone
Burckhardt said, “The floating peasants claim that they are the descendants of the few Christians who lived in the city and who converted to Islam when the Muslim Arabs conquered the country. As for most of their brothers, they fled or were killed, and they are still called “children of the Christians” to this day” (Burkhardt’s Travels in Nubia and Sudan, p. 159 ).
That is, the two sections are Arabs, whether those who inhabit the Valley of Treasures or those who live in the Nuba Valley, and that they are called Treasures or Nuba because of the inhabitants of the land only and not the pure Nubian race.
Since there is no purely Nubian nationalism in the Egyptian lands that belongs to the depths of the history of Nubia in the Pharaonic or Christian era, as most of them are of Arab origins and they are Nubians by intermarriage and their Nubian grandmothers raised their children on the Nubian dialect and the Nubian customs and traditions, that is, they are the lineages of the Nubians who acquired the dialect by lineage and intermarriage over many centuries of time And many of the Nubians know their Arab origins, especially the elderly among them. As for many of the Nuba youth, they have no interest in the lineages and branches of the tribes and the origins and genealogy of the tribes.
Ibn Khaldun talks about the spread of the Arabs in parts of the earth after Islam and their dispersal in the countries and the strife that followed them. He says: “Then these peoples became extinct in long periods and the state they had in Islam became extinct, and they mixed with the non-Arabs with what they had of overcoming them, so the language of their descendants became corrupted in long periods, and he remained behind them.” Badin neighborhoods in the desert and sand and deserts of the earth at times, and urbanization at other times, and tribes in the East, Morocco, Hijaz, Yemen, the countries of Upper Egypt, Nubia, Abyssinia, the Levant, Iraq, Bahrain, Persia, Sindh, Kerman and Khorasan. Because of their command from all nations, and since their language was not in the Al-Madhari tongue in which the Qur’an was revealed, and it is the language of their predecessors, we named them for that, the Arabs, which are intrusive” (Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, part 2, p. 16).
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And there was an old tradition that if one tribe defeated another tribe, the defeated tribe would move to another place, and this happened throughout history from the disappearance of the Berber tribes from the oases and the Western Desert to the Arab Maghreb after they fled from Palestine and after the Islamic conquest replaced the Maris, the Nuba The Lower at Aswan with purely Arab tribes, and only the tribes of the Kingdom of Makuria remained on the southern borders of Egypt and the Kingdom of Alwa until the campaign of the just king who forced the children of treasure to resort to Makuria, then the Mamluk state, which began to eliminate the state of Makuria and its subordination to Egypt, and the Arab race began to prevail over the Nubian race Through intermarriage or struggle over the king, many of them migrated to Darfur and Kordofan as a result of the narrow valley with the increase in the number of tribes
And finally, the Islamic Funj state in Sudan in the year 910 AH, which eliminated the kingdom of Alwa, the last of the Christian Nubian kingdoms, and its inhabitants fled to Darfur, Kordofan, the Nuba Mountains, Bahr al-Ghazal, and then to Niger and Nigeria. Many of them went to the depths of Sudan in the Middle Ages.
Among the indigenous Nuba tribes are the Selo, and there are some of them in Darfur in the ancient kingdom of Al-Tanjour, including southern Edfu and the Jerisab tribes (their grandfather, Jeries, the deputy nephew of Simamon, King of Nubia in Makuria – Shuja Al-Din Nasr Ibn Fakhruddin Malik).
And the Hausa tribes, namely Chad, Niger and Nigeria.
and floating tribes (and they had a village next to the ancient Ambarkap).
And the Sukkot tribes, some of them were south of the old Durr, and most of them were in the Sukkot Valley in northern Sudan, and most of them were the Skoto tribes in Niger and Nigeria.
And the Scorpio tribes of Baqta and Ballana, and most of them are in the Ibyi region of South Kordofan.
And the tribes of Bani al-Kinz, the predecessors to the present-day Matoukian eastern treasures, “Awlad Najm al-Din, Sharaf al-Din, Muhammad and Nass,” and these tribes migrated to Upper Egypt and Sudan, such as the Abbasid tribes of “Shayqiah and Qaraish.”
The Fellata or Fulani tribes have remnants in Nubia, such as the descendants of Taqala, and most of them are in western Sudan and the countries of southwest Africa, and they were supporters of the Mahdi and the Mahdist movement after him, and they are of various Arab origins, and a large mixture of Arab tribes fleeing the war with the Egyptian north, and an ethnic origin was not specified. One of them, as is known to the Sudanese tribal society, and the original Fellata has a good and authentic Arab character. Some of the shortcomings were attributed to the areas they inhabited in Khartoum, then left them under pressure from Mac Michael, the English Minister of Interior of Sudan in the early twentieth century, and those who inhabit it now are not the original Falata, but they are some of the Milking or gypsy.
And that the last inhabitants of the Nuba, south of Aswan to Dongola after 815 AH, were the Al-Kunuz Al-Jaafira (the Matukites to distinguish them from the early Al-Kunuz tribes), the Abbasids (Al-Wanasab, Al-Qaraish, Al-Shayqiah, Al-Ja`ili), Al-Ansar (Bani Ja`d, Al-Akrama, and Al-Mahas), Arabs Al-Dabai`ah, Al-`Alayqat and Ababda, and then after more than the 15th century of the year 926 AD / The Turkish scouts joined them with their various Asian and European ethnicities, and the remains of the Nubians from the Silu, Abisko, Jerysab, and some Sudanese origins, such as the Hossab, the Skourab, and the Scott. That is, the ethnic map of the region has changed several times. This tribal tradition was prevalent even in Lower Egypt, such as the Hawara tribe having to leave the lake for the Akhmimi works after the Zenata tribe defeated them in the time of Prince Barquq in the year 782 AH.
Research sources and references
A manuscript in the possession of the grandchildren of Sheikh Musa Abu Moawad in the village of Banyan _ Al-Shajara Al-Barzanjia for the lineage of the Ja`fari nobles.
Ibn al-Atheer – al-Kamil fi al-Tareekh, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Beirut – First Lebanon, 1417 AH / 1997 AD
Ibn Iyas – Badaa’ al-Zuhoor fi Waqa’iq al-Adhar, House of Revival of Arabic Books, German Institute, German Orientalists Association.
Ibn Ibek Al-Dawadari – Treasure of Al-Durar and Al-Gharar Mosque. Publication of the German Institute of Archeology in Cairo.
Ibn Battuta – The Journey of Ibn Battuta, The Arab Orient House.
Ibn Taghri Bardi _ Incidents of Eternity over Days and Months, World of First Books, 1410 A.H. – 1990 A.D.
Ibn Jarir al-Tabari – History of al-Tabari History of the Messengers and Kings Dar al-Turath – Beirut II – 1387 AH
Ibn Hawqal _ Image of the Earth, Dar Al-Hayat Library, Beirut, 1992 AD.
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani _ The news of immersion with the sons of a lifetime, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya – Beirut / Lebanon – 1406 AH – 1986 AD.
Ibn Khaldun – Introduction to Ibn Khaldun, Library of Lebanon, 1992.
Ibn Khaldun _ History of Ibn Khaldun “The Lessons” Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut II, 1408 AH – 1988 AD.